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assertion

https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCEMXZXDc-WzgHZ4K5mOMwotYhS2uCKDDmdcHI/assertion

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🚩 Minted in Nanopublication

Hurlbert & Jetz 2007 hotspot scale-dependence — Iberian-birds × HEALPix-NESTED replication outcome FORRT-Replication-Outcome comment... approve/disapprove... edit as derived nanopublication... create new with same template...

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type is a https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/FORRT-Replication-Outcome FORRT Replication Outcome .

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label has the label (this is a literal)

"Hurlbert & Jetz 2007 hotspot scale-dependence — Iberian-birds × HEALPix-NESTED replication outcome"

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/isOutcomeOf is an outcome of https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...nU/hj2007-iberia-healpix-study

hj2007-iberia-healpix-study

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasOutcomeRepository has the repository https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20363556

doi:10.5281/zenodo.20363556

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

http://schema.org/endDate was completed on (this is a literal)

"2026-05-23"

(xsd:date) .

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasValidationStatus has the validation status https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/PartiallySupported

partially supported

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasConclusionDescription has the conclusion (this is a literal)

"The replication reproduces Hurlbert & Jetz 2007's qualitative finding that biodiversity-hotspot identity is strongly scale-dependent: at every HEALPix-NESTED resolution tested (Nside 16 to 512, cell side ≈ 407 km down to ≈ 13 km), hotspot non-overlap rises monotonically with grid refinement and dissolves only at the coarsest resolutions, matching the pattern reported for Australia and southern Africa. At the 0.25° reference scale (≈ 25 km, HEALPix Nside 256) this replication finds 89.9 % misidentification on a museum-only basis-of-record subset and 97.8 % on an all-observations subset, versus Hurlbert & Jetz's 47.8 % (Australia) and 68.6 % (southern Africa). A gold-standard test using the EU Birds Directive Article 12 expert rangemap polygons (2013–2018, 260 Iberian species) does not close the gap (85–95 % misidentification on the matched-species subset), attributing the magnitude offset predominantly to observer-effort bias in the modern citizen-science GBIF atlas itself (log-log Pearson r ≈ 0.96 between per-cell record count and per-cell species count for the all-observations strategy at Nside 256), rather than to a refutation of Hurlbert & Jetz's underlying claim — hence Partially Supported."

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasEvidenceDescription has the evidence (this is a literal)

"Hotspot misidentification (symmetric set non-overlap of top-5 % richest cells) was computed at six HEALPix-NESTED resolutions for two GBIF basis-of-record strategies on Iberian birds, year-split 2000 (atlas = post-2000 occurrences; rangemap-equivalent = pre-2000 species convex hulls). Headline numbers at Nside 256 (≈ 25 km, the 0.25° equivalent of Hurlbert & Jetz Table 2): - museum strategy (PRESERVED_SPECIMEN + MACHINE_OBSERVATION): 89.9 % misidentified (Wilcoxon signed-rank p < 10⁻¹⁰⁰). - allbor strategy (+ HUMAN_OBSERVATION, citizen science included): 97.8 % misidentified (Wilcoxon signed-rank p < 10⁻¹⁰⁰). - Hurlbert & Jetz 2007 Australia: 47.8 %. - Hurlbert & Jetz 2007 Southern Africa: 68.6 %. Direction-of-effect agreement is monotone across all six Nsides for both strategies, replicating the central scale-dependence finding. Gold-standard rangemap test at Nside 256 (matched species subset, 260 Iberian breeding species also present in our post-2000 GBIF set): EU Birds Directive Article 12 expert polygons (2013–2018, 10 × 10 km grid cells, EEA CC-BY 4.0) yield misidentification of 94.9 % for museum (n = 213 matched species) and 85.2 % for allbor (n = 226). The expert rangemap does NOT close the gap with Hurlbert & Jetz's 47.8–68.6 % range — refuting the hypothesis that hull-as-rangemap substitution is the dominant cause of the magnitude offset. Mechanism decomposition at Nside 256: - Atlas-vs-observer-effort per-cell correlation (log-log Pearson r at Nside 256): r = 0.48 (museum), r = 0.96 (allbor); the all-observations atlas is essentially a log-linear function of per-cell record count, so for allbor the "atlas hotspots" predominantly index citizen-science observer effort (cities, accessible protected areas) rather than biological richness. This is the dominant residual: under any rangemap substitute including the gold-standard Article 12 expert polygons, the atlas top-5 % set consistently disagrees with the rangemap top-5 % set, because the atlas top-5 % cells are observer hotspots while the rangemap top-5 % cells are biological hotspots. - Top-K sweep: at top-25 % (versus Hurlbert & Jetz's top-5 %), misidentification drops to 74.2 % (museum) and 71.6 % (allbor), inside the Hurlbert & Jetz Australia–southern-Africa range. - Concave-hull substitute (shapely 2.0, ratio = 0.3) closes 6.3 percentage points for museum (89.9 → 83.0) and 13.5 percentage points for allbor (97.8 → 83.8) on the full-species set, confirming that convex hulls over-predict presence — a secondary contributor relative to the observer-effort dominant. Land-mask sensitivity (peninsula-only cells via NaturalEarth 10m) shifts the Nside 256 number by ≤ 4.3 percentage points and is therefore not a material confounder. Per-species temporal hull drift (Jaccard distance between pre-2000 and post-2000 convex hulls) is large for museum (median 0.81) and moderate for allbor (median 0.21); this does not materially shift the aggregate top-5 % misidentification at Nside 256 (Δ < 1 percentage point), because the pre-2000 and post-2000 hulls, though individually differently shaped, are similarly inflated in total area. GitHub repository: https://github.com/annefou/sdm-scale-replication"

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasConfidenceLevel has the confidence level https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/Moderate

moderate

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

https://w3id.org/sciencelive/o/terms/hasLimitationsDescription has the limitations (this is a literal)

"The magnitude offset relative to Hurlbert & Jetz 2007 is dominated by a single methodological factor that is documented and characterised but cannot be removed inside this replication. The direction of the scale-dependence finding is unaffected. 1. Atlas-axis observer-effort confounding (DOMINANT). Per-cell GBIF record count and per-cell species count correlate at log-log Pearson r ≈ 0.96 for the all-observations (allbor) strategy at the headline scale, and r ≈ 0.48 for the museum-only strategy. The "atlas hotspots" derived from modern Iberian GBIF therefore predominantly index where citizen-science observers go (cities, accessible protected areas, well-birded corridors) rather than where birds are biologically densest. The gold-standard rangemap test using EU Birds Directive Article 12 expert polygons (Test 6, matched subset, 213–226 species) yields 85–95 % misidentification at the headline scale — confirming that the residual is not a rangemap-substitute artefact but is genuinely the observer-effort distortion of the modern atlas. Hurlbert & Jetz's 1990s atlases had observer bias too, but to a much smaller degree than the current citizen-science-dominated GBIF record. 2. Top-K hotspot-threshold choice. Hurlbert & Jetz's top-5 % is a convention, not a biologically grounded threshold. At top-25 %, the misidentification numbers in this replication (74.2 % museum, 71.6 % allbor) sit inside the Hurlbert & Jetz Australia–southern-Africa reference range (47.8–68.6 %). The specific magnitude of the gap is K-sensitive in a way the original paper did not surface. 3. Hull-as-rangemap substitute (SECONDARY). The canonical pipeline uses convex hulls of pre-2000 GBIF occurrences as a rangemap surrogate where Hurlbert & Jetz used expert BirdLife polygons. Convex hulls over-predict presence; concave hulls close 6.3–13.5 percentage points of the magnitude gap at the headline scale on the full-species set. The gold-standard Article 12 test (above) shows this is a real but secondary contributor — the expert rangemap does not close the residual once observer-effort confounding is in play. Two further caveats. At the coarsest resolutions tested (Nside 16 with 8 Iberian cells, Nside 32 with 29) the top-5 % hotspot set rounds to one or two cells, so per-Nside numbers at those resolutions are noise-dominated; the conclusion does not rely on them. Cell geometry differs from Hurlbert & Jetz (HEALPix equal-area NESTED here, lat-lon graticule there); at Iberia's mid-latitude this is unlikely to shift the comparison materially but is not directly tested. Despite these limitations, the direction of Hurlbert & Jetz's finding — that hotspot identification is unstable across resolutions and stabilises only at very coarse cells — is robustly replicated in modern Iberian bird data with HEALPix-NESTED indexing. The observer-effort confound is itself an empirical extension of Hurlbert & Jetz's underlying message that the choice of data source materially changes which cells qualify as hotspots: with modern citizen-science atlases, the observer-effort axis becomes the dominant data-source distortion rather than the range-map polygon choice that Hurlbert & Jetz centred on."

This is the identifier for the assertion of this nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE.../assertion The assertion above http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo

wasAttributedTo

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920

Anne Fouilloux

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920

Anne Fouilloux

http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name has the name (this is a literal)

"Anne Fouilloux"

This is the identifier for this whole nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE... This nanopublication http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label has the label (this is a literal)

"Hurlbert & Jetz 2007 hotspot scale-dependence — Iberian-birds × HEALPix-NESTED replication outcome"

This is the identifier for this whole nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE... This nanopublication date and time when the nanopublication was created http://purl.org/dc/terms/created was created on (this is a literal)

"2026-05-24T07:42:57.784Z"

(xsd:dateTime) .

This is the identifier for this whole nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE... This nanopublication links to the assertion template that was used to create this nanopublication https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/wasCreatedFromTemplate was created from the assertion template https://w3id.org/np/RA2zljn0Nw...

RA2zljn0Nw

This is the identifier for this whole nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE... This nanopublication the nanopublication consists of an introduction of the given resource http://purl.org/nanopub/x/introduces introduces This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/n...HI/hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

hj2007-iberia-scale-outcome

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE.../sig

sig

http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignatureTarget has as target This is the identifier for this whole nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE... this nanopublication .

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE.../sig

sig

http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasAlgorithm has the algorithm (this is a literal)

"RSA"

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE.../sig

sig

http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasPublicKey has the public key (this is a literal)

"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"

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE.../sig

sig

http://purl.org/nanopub/x/hasSignature has the signature (this is a literal)

"NM82srJxJNT/V3EFiOGnum59LA9hLVEi9nrE0b+oqckGVzDmV2a60SktAslLF9N7hfJDNcic2rm8orspWkbS7sKj6+T7Ypmpjtcvzxfpp7swYwsfSQ2UTueCNpyKRKPon72Ey5Z33d151r9lUBTXCvwNvhXYvUVaZ+jijub1cq95+2TsCvQyO8XGvOfWE7QiEtfr+rMrdg5hrJvgGt+MykzfS6Y8jxHSPQZeoQ8BEJUKfMvcuuiLHoMRNbvNCYCd54LDo65W6x8OQpMp+4541YnzsWwSizwiH3Zn2uILb54Nd3RKCoKD5uKaNdMM7lykMroq8MtK415j5DUb/RCkh5/Jf6BitrWw78Iy4Ab99iecM5edAMRN6pMkvHHTXzwUQa8oBGzVxAUp5XJ0RUIfoMvJmUPHharof0NkEeUoumUGN7Ff0GJ9hygqx1Wm7gbD57vffHtJW11qcK3/hzlDrHVvsgVLWmE1Vz4hffc6rq6+77mFny3RybLw3Q7QNCWqeifZkMsRiRUwDRdHw06/tRb4iCtj5CxHo8kRLjv2gAKYgN5wSQmewOQ18OOHkytBWrO+68N2Igx06eG5M2VXrNBbknoVl844/4/zL0CFnEpVCUg9n8lqvXuFhGcTORTtEQ3q6fZimLd6PrVacLyUWSXsChwIs8ToXGHxY9ahBFk="

This is a local identifier minted within the nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE.../sig

sig

http://purl.org/nanopub/x/signedBy is signed by https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920

Anne Fouilloux

This is the identifier for this whole nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE... This nanopublication http://purl.org/nanopub/x/wasCreatedAt was created at https://platform.sciencelive4all.org

platform.sciencelive4all.org

This is the identifier for this whole nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE...

this nanopublication

http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

creator

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2920

Anne Fouilloux

This is the identifier for this whole nanopublication. https://w3id.org/sciencelive/np/RAzeZKbUCE...

this nanopublication

http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

license

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

4.0

Anne Fouilloux, 24 May 2026, 07:42:57 UTC

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