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@prefix np: <http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#> .
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@prefix ns2: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix ntemplate: <https://w3id.org/np/o/ntemplate/> .
@prefix orcid: <https://orcid.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
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@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
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@prefix this: <https://w3id.org/np/RAHUJfrVd0u0-nAFqQgnzaAqU1I8CjKXeyNlQFVJGc6zo> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<https://w3id.org/np/RAHUJfrVd0u0-nAFqQgnzaAqU1I8CjKXeyNlQFVJGc6zo> a np:Nanopublication;
  np:hasAssertion sub:assertion;
  np:hasProvenance sub:provenance;
  np:hasPublicationInfo sub:pubinfo;
  dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>;
  npx:hasNanopubType ns1:BioChemEntity;
  npx:introduces <https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAHUJfrVd0u0-nAFqQgnzaAqU1I8CjKXeyNlQFVJGc6zo>;
  rdfs:label "N-(2-Carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine";
  prov:generatedAtTime "2026-06-30T21:07:00.755142+02:00"^^xsd:dateTime;
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  ns2:identifier "short_name";
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<https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAHUJfrVd0u0-nAFqQgnzaAqU1I8CjKXeyNlQFVJGc6zo>
  a owl:Class;
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  ns2:alternateName "GAVal", "GAVal"@nl-be;
  ns2:comment "comments: Should parent compound not be acrylamide? feedback_epi team: Yes assigning Acrylamide as parent compound seems correct to me. Because Acrylamide is the substance a human is exposed to, and we can measure GAVAL and AAVAL to reflect that exposure. GA‑Val (GAVAL) and AA‑Val (AAVAL) — are both well‑established biomarkers of exposure to acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide. These adducts form when the reactive compounds bind to the N‑terminal valine of hemoglobin. Core attribution - AAVAL (N‑(2‑carbamoylethyl)valine) reflects exposure to acrylamide, the parent compound. - GAVAL (N‑(2‑carbamoyl‑2‑hydroxyethyl)valine) reflects exposure to glycidamide, which is the epoxide metabolite formed when acrylamide is metabolized via CYP2E1. This relationship is well documented: acrylamide is converted to glycidamide, and both acrylamide and glycidamide form hemoglobin adducts that can be used to reconstruct exposure. source: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5696489/ Moreover, AA and GA react with plasma and other proteins, such as hemoglobin (Hb). Covalent binding to the N-terminal valine (Val) residue of Hb results in formation of N-(2-carbamoylethyl)valine (AAVal) and N-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine (GAVal) Hb adducts that can be specifically cleaved off and derivatized to serve as biomarkers for long-term exposure monitoring (Bergmark et al. 1993; EFSA 2015; Fennell et al. 2005).";
  rdfs:label "N-(2-Carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine", "N-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)valine"@nl-be;
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  ns1:hasContextAlias sub:_b1;
  ns1:hasGroupLabel "acrylamide";
  ns1:isMetaboliteOf <https://w3id.org/peh/biochementities/RAzsgNFMlmFl21D1kjAVEf39Z8wXIoed404LTxxTXi4OU> .

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