Statistical data are quantitative or qualitative observations that have been collected, organized, and structured for analysis, typically to summarize, describe, or infer patterns, trends, or relationships within a population or phenomenon. Statistical data In-situ measurements are observations or data collected directly at the location of the phenomenon being studied, using instruments or sensors that are physically present in the environment, rather than inferred or measured remotely. In-Situ Measurement Aggregated data are data values that result from applying an aggregation operation to multiple individual observations, producing a summary value for a defined group, interval, or spatial unit. Aggregated data A website is a collection of interlinked web pages and associated digital resources, identified by a single domain or URL, that is accessed via the World Wide Web and primarily intended to present information or content to users through a web browser. Website A raster map represents geographic or spatial information as a matrix of equally sized cells, where each cell contains a value describing a measured or modelled variable at that location. Map | Raster Map A computational workflow is a structured sequence of computational steps or tasks designed to process data, perform analyses, or automate scientific procedures. These workflows should preferably be machine-readable and executable, and they help ensure reproducibility, transparency, and efficiency in research. Computational Workflow AI model means a component of an AI system that implements AI technology and uses computational, statistical, or machine learning techniques to produce outputs from a given set of inputs. AI Model A standard is a way of operating that is often formally expressed as a specification and commonly agreed upon by a wider community. Standard Database is a collection of digital objects and is sometimes also known as a knowledge base or a repository. Database Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) describe the mechanistic interactions of biological entities with a stressor (chemical, nanomaterial, radiation, virus, etc.) that produce an adverse response. AOP | Adverse outcame Pathway description A proven, effective method or technique—such as a standard operating procedure, template, guide, or manual—that offers structured recommendations on content or format to support consistent, high-quality outcomes. Best Practice A policy document provides policymakers with a structured framework to guide high-level responses to e.g. climate change-related risks. It defines the document's scope and objectives, incorporates scientific data and practical evidence on climate impacts. Policy document Software is a set of computer programs, procedures, algorithms, and associated documentation developed, produced, or adapted as part of a research project to support data collection, analysis, simulation, modeling, or other scientific and technical activities. Software Training material refers to any content, resources, or tools designed to support learning and skill development. Training Material A project is a time-bound and resource-constrained endeavor undertaken to achieve specific goals or produce defined outputs. Project An Article is a peer-reviewed scholarly publication that presents the original findings, methodology, and conclusions of a research investigation. Article A method is a systematic and documented protocol used to guide and structure controlled research activities. It defines how data are collected, analyzed, interpreted, or validated in order to achieve reliable, repeatable, and objective results. Method A research programme is a coordinated set of activities, administered by a scientific funding body or institution, aimed at achieving specific research goals over a defined period. It is usually managed by a small, dedicated team and serves as a platform to support research projects through competitive Calls for Proposals. Research Programme A data management plan is a statement describing how research data will be managed throughout a specified research project's life cycle - during and after the active phase of the research project - including terms regarding archiving and potential preservation of the data in a data repository. The DMP is considered to be a 'living' document, i.e. one which can be updated when necessary. Data Management Plan A dataset is a collection of data, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more representations. Dataset Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply as the literature within specific research fields. Scientific Literature A dataset resulting from running a computational model. Simulation Data Any online accessible software system or component that supports a process with digital objects. Tool A service that indexes metadata and data and provides search over that index. Registry Semantic artefacts are machine-actionable formalisations of concepts such as controlled vocabularies, thesauri, and ontologies which facilitate the extraction and representation of knowledge within data sets using annotations or assertions, and enabling sharing and reuse by humans and machines. Semantic artefact A specification that specifies the structured representation of metadata describing attributes of data or other digital objects in terms of semantics, syntax and optionality. Metadata schema A specification consisting of a set of rules that define how (meta)data elements or attributes from one schema can be aligned and mapped to (meta)data elements or attributes in another schema that share the same constraints and thus share the same semantic role. Crosswalk Data about data. It is data (or information) that defines and describes the characteristics of other data. It is used to improve the understanding and use of the data. Metadata Facts, measurements, recordings, records, or observations about the world, collected by researchers, that are yet to be processed/interpreted/analysed. Data may be in any format or medium taking the form of writings, notes, numbers, symbols, text, images, films, video, sound recordings, pictorial reproductions, drawings, designs or other graphical representations, procedural manuals, forms, diagrams, work flow charts, equipment descriptions, data files, data processing algorithms, or statistical records. Data A query expressed in SPARQL language for querying and manipulating data stored in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. SPARQL query A computational model uses computer programs to simulate and study complex systems, employing an algorithmic or mechanistic approach, and is widely used in various fields, including physics, engineering, and biology. Computational Model Specification of research data that does not yet exist. Format and type agnostic. The motivation for this is that it allows for specification of data even before it is generated, e.g. in the planning of an experiment or specification of a model input or output. Planned Research Data Any data created in research, to be made FAIR. It is agnostic to data format or type. Research Data A data model is an abstract model that organises elements of data and standardises how they relate to one another and to the properties of real world entities Data model Research Objects aim to improve reuse and reproducibility by: 1. Supporting the publication of more than just PDFs, making data, code, and other resources first class citizens of scholarship. 2. Recognizing that there is often a need to publish collections of these resources together as one shareable, cite-able resource. 3. Enriching these resources and collections with any and all additional information required to make research reusable, and reproducible! Research objects are not just data, not just collections, but any digital resource that aims to go beyond the PDF for scholarly publishing! Research Object A knowledge graph is a knowledge base that uses a graph-structured data model or topology to represent and operate on data. Knowledge graphs are often used to store interlinked descriptions of entities – objects, events, situations or abstract concepts – while also encoding the free-form semantics or relationships underlying these entities. KnowledgeGraph | Knowledge Graph A life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systematic analysis of a product or process's environmental impact throughout its entire life cycle. An LCA is performed in accordance with ISO guidelines and is based on compilation of an inventory of inputs and outputs and calculation of a range of mid-point and/or end-point measures of the environmental impact of the product or process. LCA | Life Cycle Assessment The data generated from biological samples and associated information in biobanks. Biobank data Multimedia data that usually consists of a sequence of images and audio data encoded in a digital format and thus is represented as a sequence of tuples (image, audio). Video Digital object type that focuses on capturing and representing information that varies over time like observations, measurements or events organized as a sequence (real) with one temporal variable. Time-series data Digital objects that consists of a sequence of characters. Text-based data A data structure that consists of rows and columns, forming a two-dimensional grid and is represented as a list of component types Tabular data Structured data collected by administering surveys, questionnaires, interviews to individuals based on a sampling procedures. Survey data Representation of radiation for specific wavelengths related to the phenomenon being observed as a continuous function of wavelenght value. Spectral data Representation of physical locations on the Earth's surface or in the space. It is represented as an array (real) with specific dimension includeing the location as coordinates, shapes and associated attributes. Spatial data Digital data generated by sensors usually in binary format. Sensor data Data that has more than one dimension or axis along which it is organized to represent complex, structured, and interrelated information as a array (type). Multidimensional data Structured data that represent the sequential arrangement of atoms or molecular components. Molecular sequence data Digital representations of visual information or pictures in a digital format and consists of pixel values in an array of real numbers. Image Tuple of mainly characters and symbols used to provide instructions or statements written in a specific porgramming language. Code Digital representations of sound or audio signals in a sequence of real numbers. Audio